PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.